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Health Education & Behavior
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Article

Pathways to Health: A Cluster Randomized Trial of Nicotine Gum and Motivational Interviewing for Smoking Cessation in Low-Income Housing

Kolawole S. Okuyemi, MD, MPH1*, Aimee S. James, PhD, MPH2, Matthew S. Mayo, PhD2, Nicole Nollen, PhD2, Delwyn Catley, PhD3, Won S. Choi, PhD, MPH2, Jasjit S. Ahluwalia, MD, MPH, MS4

1 University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.
2 University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
3 University of Missouri-Kansas City.
4 University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, Minneapolis.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kokuyemi{at}umn.edu..


  Abstract

Despite high smoking rates among those living in poverty, few cessation studies are conducted in these populations. This cluster-randomized trial tested nicotine gum plus motivational interviewing (MI) for smoking cessation in 20 low-income housing developments (HDs). Intervention participants (10 HDs, n = 66) received educational materials, 8 weeks of 4 mg nicotine gum, and 5 MI sessions on quitting smoking. Comparison participants (10 HDs, n = 107) received 5 MI sessions and educational materials addressing fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants had a mean age of 46.3 years and were predominantly female (70%) and African American (83%). Biochemically-verified 7-day abstinence rates at 8 weeks were 6.1% and 5.6% in the intervention and comparison arms, respectively (p = ns); and at 26 weeks were 7.6% and 9.3%, respectively (p = ns). Results suggest that nicotine gum plus MI were not effective for smoking cessation in low-income housing. Programs are needed to enhance the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and counseling in underserved populations.

Key Words: smoking cessation, low-income housing, nicotine gum, motivational interviewing, cluster randomized trial

First published on June 15, 2006, doi:10.1177/1090198106288046

Health Education & Behavior 2007;34:43.

A more recent version of this article appeared on February 1, 2007

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