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Health Education & Behavior
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Cognitions About Smoking and Not Smoking in Adolescence

Laura ter Doest, PhD

Institute for Psychological Research, Leiden University, and NDDO Institute for Prevention and Early Diagnostics, Amsterdam, Netherlands, l.t.terdoest{at}niped.nl

Arie Dijkstra, PhD

University of Groningen, Netherlands

Winifred A. Gebhardt, PhD

Institute for Psychological Research, Leiden University, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Salvatore Vitale, PhD

Addiction Research Institute (IVO), Rotterdam, Netherlands

The theory of planned behavior identifies important proximal determinants of behavior, including attitude toward the behavior, perception of subjective norms exerted by significant others, and perception of perceived control over performance of the behavior. Because research in the planned behavior tradition has focused on desirable target behaviors, it is not clear how these determinants can best be conceptualized to account for adolescents' acquisition of health risk behaviors such as smoking. This cross-sectional study compared the explanatory power of planned behavior constructs assessed in relation to "smoking" and "not smoking" in a sample of 248 Dutch secondary students (aged 12 to 17 years; 56% girls). The results indicated that four variables—attitude toward smoking, perceived subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control over both smoking and not smoking—best explained the adolescents' smoking intentions and smoking behavior. Methodological and practical implications for smoking interventions are discussed.

Key Words: adolescents • smoking • measurement

This version was published on August 1, 2009

Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 36, No. 4, 660-672 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198107301329
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