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Health Education & Behavior
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A Small Dose of HIV? HIV Vaccine Mental Models and Risk Communication

Peter A. Newman, PhD

Faculty of Social Work, Centre for Applied Social Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, p.newman{at}utoronto.ca

Danielle S. Seiden, MPP

Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

Kathleen J. Roberts, PhD

Department of Sociology, UCLA

Lisa Kakinami, BA

Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester, New York

Naihua Duan, PhD

Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA

Existing knowledge and beliefs related to HIV vaccines provide an important basis for the development of risk communication messages to support future HIV vaccine dissemination. This study explored HIV vaccine mental models among adults from segments of the population disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Nine focus groups were conducted with participants (N = 99; median age = 33 years; 48% female; 22% African American, 44% Latino, and 28% white) recruited from needle exchange sites, public clinics, and gay community centers in Los Angeles. Data were analyzed using narrative thematic analysis and Ethnograph qualitative software. Mental models of HIV vaccines included live virus, side effects, complete protection (100% efficacy, lifetime protection, reduced anxiety about HIV/AIDS), and "high-risk groups." HIV vaccine risk communication to counter undue fears of vaccine-induced infection and side effects and to mitigate exaggerated expectations of a "magic bullet" may be vital to the effectiveness of first-generation HIV vaccines in controlling the AIDS epidemic.

Key Words: HIV/AIDS • HIV vaccines • risk communication • mental models • risk behaviors • qualitative research

This version was published on April 1, 2009

Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 36, No. 2, 321-333 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198107305078
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