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Health Education & Behavior
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*Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Estimates of Intraclass Correlation for Variables Related to Behavioral HIV/STD Prevention in a Predominantly African American and Hispanic Sample of Young Women

Sherri L. Pals, PhD

National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, sfv3{at}cdc.gov

Brenda L. Beaty, MSPH

Colorado Health Outcomes Program, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center

Samuel F. Posner, PhD

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Sheana S. Bull, PhD

Colorado Health Outcomes Program, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center

Studies designed to evaluate HIV and STD prevention interventions often involve random assignment of groups such as neighborhoods or communities to study conditions (e.g., to intervention or control). Investigators who design group-randomized trials (GRTs) must take the expected intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) into account in sample size estimation to have adequate power; however, few published ICC estimates exist for outcome variables related to HIV and STD prevention. The Prevention Options for Women Equal Rights (POWER) study was a GRT designed to evaluate a campaign to increase awareness and use of condoms among young African American and Hispanic women. The authors used precampaign and postcampaign data from the POWER study to estimate ICCs (unadjusted and adjusted for covariates) for a variety of sexual behavior and other variables. To illustrate the impact of ICCs on power, the authors present sample-size calculations and demonstrate how ICCs of differing magnitude will affect estimates of required sample size.

Key Words: intraclass correlation • group-randomized trial • HIV/STD prevention

Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 36, No. 1, 182-194 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198108327731
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