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Health Education & Behavior
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The Contextual Effects of Gender Norms, Communication, and Social Capital on Family Planning Behaviors in Uganda: A Multilevel Approach

Hye-Jin Paek, PhD

Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia, Athens

Byoungkwan Lee, PhD

Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyunggi-do, South Korea, gogreen{at}hanyang.ac.kr

Charles T. Salmon, PhD

Michigan State University, East Lansing

Kim Witte, PhD

Michigan State University, East Lansing

This study hypothesized a multilevel model to examine the contextual effects of gender norms, exposure to health-related radio programs, interpersonal communication, and social capital on family planning behavior in Uganda. The results of hierarchical linear modeling showed that all of the four variables were significant predictors of family planning behavior. The authors found that gender norms as a contextual factor significantly interacted with the individual-level perceived benefit. The significant cross-level interaction effect was also observed between individuals' interpersonal communication and contextual variation in listening to a health-related radio program. Practical implications for family planning communication campaigns are discussed.

Key Words: family planning • hierarchical linear modeling • social capital • gender norm

This version was published on August 1, 2008

Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 35, No. 4, 461-477 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198106296769
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