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This version was published on February 1, 2007
Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 34, No. 1, 140-153 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198105285336

Designing Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Health Interventions: The "Life Is Precious" Hmong Breast Cancer Study

Sora Park Tanjasiri, DrPH, MPH

Department of Health Science, California State University, Fullerton, stanjasiri{at}fullerton.edu

Marjorie Kagawa-Singer, PhD, RN, MN

School of Public Health and Asian American Studies, University of California, Los Angeles

Mary Anne Foo, MPH

Orange County Asian and Pacific Islander Community Alliance, Garden Grove, California

Maichew Chao

Families in Good Health, Long Beach, California

Irene Linayao-Putman, MPH

Union of Pan Asian Communities, San Diego, California

John Nguyen, DMD, MPH

Stone Soup, Fresno, California

Georgi Pirumyan, MD, MPH

Yerevan, Armenia

Annalyn Valdez, MPH

School of Public Health and Asian American Studies, University of California, Los Angeles

Cancer is the number one cause of death for Asian American women, yet they have the lowest rates of cancer screening. Contributing factors, particularly for Hmong women, include the lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate educational interventions. This study aimed to develop a culturally and linguistically appropriate intervention to improve the breast cancer screening rates among Hmong women in Fresno and San Diego, California. Intervention elements included the development of a flipchart, brochure, and video that presented basic breast health and screening information, along with the targeting of not only women but men to support their wives’ breast cancer screenings. Analyses of pre- and post workshop surveys showed increases in knowledge and more positive attitudes among all participants, behavioral intentions for clinical breast examinations and mammograms among women, and support for such exams and possible cancer treatment among men. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.

Key Words: low literacy • non-English speaking • culturally appropriate • language appropriate • breast cancer screening • Hmong • Asian American women • intervention


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