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Health Education & Behavior
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Using the Extended Parallel Process Model to Prevent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Among Coal Miners in Appalachia

Lisa Murray-Johnson, PhD

School of Journalism and Communication, The Ohio State University

Kim Witte, PhD

Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs

Dhaval Patel, PhD, MPH

UNICEF

Victoria Orrego, PhD

School of Communication, University of Miami

Cynthia Zuckerman, MA

NCSU Department of Communication

Andrew M. Maxfield, PhD

Maxfield Consulting

Edward D. Thimons, MS

Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Saftey and Health (NIOSH)

Occupational noise-induced hearing loss is the second most self-reported occupational illness or injury in the United States. Among coal miners, more than 90% of the population reports a hearing deficit by age 55. In this formative evaluation, focus groups were conducted with coal miners in Appalachia to ascertain whether miners perceive hearing loss as a major health risk and if so, what would motivate the consistent wearing of hearing protection devices (HPDs). The theoretical framework of the Extended Parallel Process Model was used to identify the miners’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and current behaviors regarding hearing protection. Focus group participants had strong perceived severity and varying levels of perceived susceptibility to hearing loss. Various barriers significantly reduced the self-efficacy and the response efficacy of using hearing protection.

Key Words: hearing protection • Extended Parallel Process Model • noise-induced hearing loss

Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 31, No. 6, 741-755 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198104263396
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