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Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 31, No. 3, 335-354 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198104263337

Jounal Article

Violence-Related Outcomes of the D.A.R.E. Plus Project

Kelli A. Komro, PhD

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Cheryl L. Perry, PhD

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Sara Veblen-Mortenson, MSW, MPH

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Melissa H. Stigler, MPH

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Linda M. Bosma, MA

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Karen A. Munson, MBA

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Kian Farbakhsh, MS

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

The objectives of this study were to examine outcomes of the Minnesota D.A.R.E. Plus Project on violence-related behaviors among middle school students and mediation analyses that test how the intervention was effective in reducing physical and verbal violence. Twenty-four schools were randomly assigned to the D.A.R.E. middle school curriculum, the D.A.R.E. Plus multicomponent intervention, or control. The study cohort completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and two follow-ups. The results showed that boys had higher rates of violence and victimization than girls. The D.A.R.E. Plus program was more effective in preventing violence among boys than among girls. It appears that the small behavioral effect that D.A.R.E. Plus did demonstrate on physical and verbal violence among boys was entirely mediated by a decrease of norms that support violence, an increase in outcome expectancies about being violence-free, and an increase in parental consequences for fighting.

Key Words: violence • adolescence • prevention • mediation


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[Abstract] [PDF]