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A Randomized School Trial of Environmental Strategies to Encourage Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Children
Cheryl L. Perry, PhD
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Donald B. Bishop, PhD
Center for Health Promotion, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul
Gretchen L. Taylor, MPH, RD
Center for Health Promotion, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul
Marsha Davis, PhD
Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Magnolia Circle, Nashville, Tennessee
Mary Story, PhD, RD
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Clifton Gray, PhD
Center for Health Promotion, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul
Susan C. Bishop, BFA
Center for Health Promotion, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul
Rita A. Warren Mays, MS, RD, LN
Center for Health Promotion, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul
Leslie A. Lytle, PhD, RD
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Lisa Harnack, DrPH, RD
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
The Cafeteria Power Plus project examined whether a cafeteria-based intervention would increase the fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption of children. Twenty-six schools were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control condition. Baseline lunch observations of a sample (N = 1668) of first- and third-grade students occurred in the spring of 2000; follow-up was in the spring of 2002. The intervention took place during two consecutive school years beginning in the fall of 2000 and consisted of daily activities (increasing the availability, attractiveness, and encouragement for FV) and special events (kick-offs, samplings, challenge weeks, theater production, and finale meal). Training of food-service staff and cook managers was ongoing throughout the intervention phase. Students in the intervention schools significantly increased their total fruit intake. Process measures indicated that verbal encouragement by food-service staff was associated with outcomes. The outcomes suggest that multicomponent interventions are more powerful than cafeteria programs alone with this age group.
Key Words: fruits • vegetables • elementary school • food service • cafeteria • children
Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 31, No. 1,
65-76 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1090198103255530
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