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Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 6, 699-715 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/109019802237939
© 2002 Society for Public Health Education

Predictors of Perceived Control Among African American Women in Detroit: Exploring Empowerment as a Multilevel Construct

Adam B. Becker, PhD

Community Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisianaabecker{at}tulane.edu

Barbara A. Israel, DrPH

Amy J. Schulz, PhD

Edith A. Parker, DrPH

Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor

Laura Klem, AB

Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Efforts to enhance empowerment toward the aim of improved health require an understanding of factors that contribute to perceived control at multiple levels, as a dimension of empowerment. In this article, the authors examine hypothesized predictors of perceived control at multiple levels among urban, African American women. Variables that predict perceived control include greater participation in change-related action; level of activity within respondents’ most important organizations; and attempts made by those organizations to influence public officials, businesses, and other groups. Results suggest that (1) perceived control is a context-specific, multilevel construct; (2) citizen participation is an important factor in control and influence at multiple levels; and (3) organizations that are involved within neighborhoods and in the broader community can help to increase control and influence at multiple levels in marginalized communities. Implications for health education practice and research are discussed.


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