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Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 28, No. 2, 186-199 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/109019810102800205

Project ARM: Alcohol Risk Management to Prevent Sales to Underage and Intoxicated Patrons

Traci L. Toomey, PhD

Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolistoomey{at}epi.umn.edu

Alexander C. Wagenaar, PhD

Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

John P. Gehan, MA, MPA

Policy and Communications, St. Paul, Minnesota

Gudrun Kilian, BA

Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

David M. Murray, PhD

Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Tennessee

Cheryl L. Perry, PhD

Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Clear policies and expectations are key to increasing responsible service of alcohol in licensed establishments. Few training programs focus exclusively on owners and managers of alcohol establishments to reduce the risk of alcohol service. Project ARM: Alcohol Risk Management is a one-on-one consultation program for owners and managers. Participants received information on risk level, policies to prevent illegal sales, legal issues, and staff communication. This nonrandomized demonstration project was implemented in five diverse bars. Two waves of underage and pseudo-intoxicated purchase attempts were conducted pre- and postintervention in the five intervention bars and nine matched control bars. Underage sales decreased by 11.5%, and sales to pseudo-intoxicated buyers decreased by 46%. Results were in the hypothesized direction but not statistically significant. A one-on-one, outlet-specific training program for owners and managers is a promising way to reduce illegal alcohol sales, particularly to obviously intoxicated individuals.


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