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Stages of Change for Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adults and Young Adults Participating in the National 5-a-Day for Better Health Community Studies

Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hillmarci_campbell{at}unc.edu

Kim D. Reynolds, PhD

Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama, Birmingham

Stephen Havas, MD, MPH, MS

Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore

Susan Curry, PhD

Department of Health Services and Center for Health Studies, University of Washington, Seattle

Donald Bishop, PhD

Center for Health Promotion, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis

Theresa Nicklas, DrPH, LN

Department of Food and Nutrition, North Dakota State University, Fargo

Ruth Palombo, MS, RD

Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston

David Buller, PhD

AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver

Robert Feldman, PhD

Department of Health and Education, University of Maryland, College Park

Marie Topor, BS

Information Management Services, Silver Spring, Maryland

Carolyn Johnson, PhD

School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans

Shirley A. A. Beresford, PhD

Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle

Brenda McAdams Motsinger, MS, RD

Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Health Promotion, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh

Calvin Morrill, PhD

Department of Sociology, University of Arizona, Tucson

Jerianne Heimendinger, PhD, RD

AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver

Higher fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers and chronic diseases. The 5-a-Day for Better Health community studies are evaluating population-based strategies to achieving dietary behavior change using the stages-of-change model and associated theories. The authors present baseline comparisons of stages of change for fruit and vegetable consumption among adults and young adults in eight study sites representing diverse regions of the United States and diverse populations and settings. Three dominant stages, precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance, were found across sites. Women and those with college degrees were more likely to be in action/maintenance. Fruit and vegetable consumption, self-efficacy, and knowledge of the 5-a-Day recommendation were positively associated with more advanced stages of change in all study sites. The authors discuss the findings in relation to possible limitations of this and other dietary stages-of-change measures and suggest directions for future research.

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